Abstract: In an era of increased state involvement in natural resource governance, members of Bolivia’s “mining cooperatives” are commonly described as thieves of national wealth. Nevertheless, these small-scale miners won significant influence in Bolivia’s radically restructured Plurinational State, in which the rights of both Indigenous peoples and Pachamama (Earth Mother) have been constitutionally enshrined since 2009. […]
Subterranean Matters: Cooperative Mining and Resource Nationalism in Plurinational Bolivia – Andrea Marston